This is due to deficiency of certain vitamins like folic acid, vitamin B12, niacin, vitamin A, tryptophan deficiency, and kwashiorkor (a type of malnutrition due to protein deficiency in the diet). Cushing’s syndrome- Production of too much cortisol over time, pheochromocytoma (a non-cancerous tumour that grows in the adrenal gland), and hyperthyroidism (excess production of thyroid hormone 4.Nelson syndrome- A disorder marked by abnormal hormonal production, pituitary gland enlargement, and development of massive and invasive growths called adenomas.Carcinoid- Slow-growing cancer that arises in many places in the body.Acromegaly- Hormonal disorder due to excess secretion of pituitary hormone.Acanthosis nigricans- A skin condition that results in dark pigmentation in body folds and creases.These might be due to adrenal disorders like Addison’s disease (a condition in which the body doesn’t produce enough hormone called cortisone), genetics (for example, freckles), hormonal changes during pregnancy or puberty, medications like oral contraceptives (birth control pills) and medicines that result in sensitivity to light, or thyroid disorders. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (due to injury to the skin like acne, cuts, or burns) 3,4. Sun damage (these spots are also known as solar lentigines).These have an external cause or origin and include: Hyperpigmentation can be caused due to several factors like: 1. It is important to have a complete understanding of the causes of this condition and the management strategies. Skin hyperpigmentation occurs when melanin, a pigment that is responsible for imparting colour to the skin, is overproduced in certain areas of the skin. There are several conditions related to skin pigmentation over this spectrum of skin tones, resulting in problems ranging from hypopigmentation (patches of skin that are lighter than your actual skin tone) to hyperpigmentation (patches of skin that are darker in colour than the surrounding skin).
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